Rare cause of myocardial infarction, stroke, and lung tumour.

HDL delipidation, whole HDL particle infusion with CER-001, MDCO-216, or CSL-112, and gene therapy using HDL-related proteins such as Apo A-I. Further clinical evaluation of direct infusion of mutant (Apo A-1 Milano) or wild-type Apo A-1, linked with a phospholipid carrier, appears warranted since their vascular benefits have been repeatedly demonstrated in animal models and small clinical studies. Despite well-established cardiovascular benefits of statins in CAD, there remains a substantial residual CHD risk which may be mitigated by the right HDL-based intervention and, therefore, we should not give up on HDL despite its split personality.